Luxury Group Transportation Vancouver

Luxury Group Transportation Vancouver

Safe bus rental

After submitting your request, you'll receive a detailed quote, breaking down all costs with no hidden fees. Fancy a mobile conference room equipped with high-speed Wi-Fi and leather seating for your business meetings on the go? Learn more about Star Coach here. Learn more about Luxury Group Transportation Vancouver here For instance, if you're looking for something that screams luxury, their high-end coaches offer onboard amenities such as Wi-Fi, reclining seats, and even entertainment systems. Whether it's a corporate event, a school outing, or a luxurious wedding, they've got you covered with unparalleled professionalism and attention to detail.

Crew shuttle

  • Charter vehicle
  • Vancouver region
  • Team travel
  • Vancouver
  • Tour bus rental
  • Convention transport
  • Charter shuttle service
  • Festival shuttle
  • Long-distance bus
  • Bus packages
  • Community bus service
  • Field trip bus
  • Bus transportation
  • Sport team transportation
  • Transport services
  • Bus charter
  • Bus provider
You'll find more legroom than you'd expect, allowing you to stretch out and enjoy the ride without feeling cramped.
As we unpack the strategic route planning, competitive pricing models, and their commitment to sustainable travel, you'll discover how Star Coach is reshaping luxury travel in Vancouver. Once your booking is confirmed, you'll receive a detailed confirmation email, outlining everything you need to know about your upcoming journey. From premium onboard features to tailor-made tour packages showcasing the city's iconic landmarks, they're promising more than just a ride-they're offering an integral part of the Vancouver tourism experience. You'll find that each bus in their fleet boasts a sleek, modern design both inside and out.
Instead, you can pick and choose the amenities and services that best fit your group's preferences and budget. You're not just choosing a luxury travel option when you book with us; you're also opting for a greener way to explore. You don't have to worry about navigating through a maze of options or dealing with last-minute availability issues.

Group tour bus

  1. Group transportation
  2. Wedding bus rental
  3. Metro Vancouver
  4. School bus rental
  5. Passenger bus rental
  6. Bus travel
  7. Downtown Vancouver
  8. Hourly bus rental
  9. Greater Vancouver
  10. Corporate bus rental
  11. Senior group travel
  12. British Columbia
  13. Event shuttles
  14. Bus fleet
  15. Vancouver area
  16. Bus rental for tours
They've even thought about the payment process, making it secure and varied in options, catering to what works best for you.
And let's not forget the convenience of onboard restrooms. But beyond the obvious perks, there's an underlying story of sustainability and customer satisfaction that might just pique your interest. High-speed Wi-Fi keeps you connected, whether you're catching up on work or streaming your favorite show.

Charter transportation

  1. Casino shuttle
  2. Vancouver city
  3. Private group transport
  4. Party bus
  5. Private bus rental
  6. Custom bus rental
  7. Lower Mainland BC
  8. Charter vehicle
  9. Vancouver region
  10. Team travel
  11. Vancouver
  12. Tour bus rental
  13. Convention transport
  14. Charter shuttle service
  15. Festival shuttle
Their dedicated customer service representatives are always on standby to help you plan your travel with ease and efficiency. Luxury bus rental

And for those who thirst for adventure, the outskirts offer unparalleled natural beauty, just a comfortable drive away. Star Coach in Vancouver is putting this theory to the test, offering five-star bus rental experiences that aim to transform group travel into an unforgettable journey of comfort, luxury, and personalized exploration. To ensure your journey isn't just comfortable but also entertaining, our luxury buses are equipped with cutting-edge entertainment options. It's not just a bus ride; it's an experience that caters to your every need. You're riding in a coach equipped with cutting-edge safety technologies designed to protect you on every mile of your trip.

They're not just steering the wheel; they're curating your seamless experience, attentive to every need. It's a smart choice, reducing the number of vehicles on the road, cutting down on traffic congestion, and significantly lowering the per-person carbon emissions. Having explored how to book your luxury bus rental, let's hear what previous clients have to say about their experiences with Star Coach.

Luxury bus rental

  • Event shuttles
  • Bus fleet
  • Vancouver area
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Coach hire
  • Travel coach
  • Tour transportation
  • Bus driver service
  • City tour bus
  • Bus for hire
  • Event transportation
  • Bus excursion
  • Crew shuttle
  • Vancouver BC
  • Luxury bus rental
They've done their homework, comparing their prices with other providers in Vancouver, to make sure you're getting a top-notch service without breaking the bank.

But what truly makes their approach revolutionary? With Star Coach Bus Rentals, you're not just getting a bus; you're getting a partner who values your comfort and safety as much as you do. From sleek minibusses for smaller groups to full-sized coaches for larger gatherings, their fleet is versatile enough to accommodate any occasion. Here, you'll input your travel dates, pick-up and drop-off locations, and select your preferred bus model from our fleet of high-end vehicles.

With Star Coach, you'll access a diverse fleet that caters to any group size and a personalized approach ensuring your journey is exactly how you envision it.

Crew shuttle

  1. Bus transportation
  2. Sport team transportation
  3. Transport services
  4. Bus charter
  5. Bus provider
  6. Group transportation
  7. Wedding bus rental
  8. Metro Vancouver
  9. School bus rental
  10. Passenger bus rental
  11. Bus travel
  12. Downtown Vancouver
  13. Hourly bus rental
  14. Greater Vancouver
  15. Corporate bus rental
  16. Senior group travel
Whether you're traveling for business or pleasure, the spacious interiors of the Prevost H3-45 ensure that your journey is as comfortable as the destination itself. As you settle into your spacious seat, you'll find yourself surrounded by features designed to cater to your every need.

Crew shuttle

  1. Transport services
  2. Bus charter
  3. Bus provider
  4. Group transportation
  5. Wedding bus rental
  6. Metro Vancouver
  7. School bus rental
  8. Passenger bus rental
  9. Bus travel
  10. Downtown Vancouver
  11. Hourly bus rental
  12. Greater Vancouver
  13. Corporate bus rental
  14. Senior group travel
  15. British Columbia
Plus, each seat comes with its own climate control, ensuring you stay comfortable, regardless of the weather outside.

Long-Distance Charter Buses Vancouver

As of 2016, the Port of Vancouver is the fourth-largest port by tonnage in the Americas, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and nearby Burnaby have turned Greater Vancouver and nearby areas into one of the largest film production centres in North America, earning it the nickname "Hollywood North"

Citations and other links

High-End Bus Charter Vancouver

First off, head to their website. Vancouver's Star Coach Bus Rentals redefine comfort, ensuring you experience unparalleled relaxation during your journey. Star Coach maintains the highest standards of hygiene, with thorough cleaning and sanitization protocols in place before and after every trip. Each seat comes equipped with personal entertainment systems, ensuring you're entertained throughout your journey.

Luxury bus rental

  • Luxury transportation
  • Bus excursion
  • Crew shuttle
  • Vancouver BC
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Group tour bus
  • Airport transfer
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Bus hire
  • Bus leasing
  • Executive bus charter
  • Transport charter
  • Downtown bus rental
  • Casino shuttle
  • Vancouver city
  • Private group transport
  • Party bus


Whether you're planning a small team retreat, a large conference, or anything in between, they've got you covered. You'll find an intuitive booking platform where you can specify your travel dates, destination, and the number of passengers. From fuel-efficient buses to rigorous recycling programs, every aspect of our service is designed with the environment in mind.

Your desires shape the route. No problem. Plus, power outlets at every seat mean your devices will always be charged, ready for whatever the day holds.

Embarking on a tour with Star Coach Bus Rentals offers you the chance to discover Vancouver's renowned landmarks up close and personal. So, when you book with Star Coach, you're not just getting a bus; you're securing peace of mind knowing you've made a cost-effective choice without compromising on quality. That's why they've introduced a variety of packages that cater to different budgets and requirements.

High-End Bus Charter Vancouver
Chauffeured Tour Bus Vancouver

Chauffeured Tour Bus Vancouver

Moreover, you'll appreciate the peace of mind that comes with professional, courteous drivers who navigate the city with ease. Bus hire Bus excursion Minibus rental You'll find yourself at the iconic Stanley Park, breathing in the fresh Pacific air while gazing out at the majestic Totem Poles, a testament to the rich indigenous cultures of the region. Customers frequently mention the pristine condition of the buses, the professionalism of the drivers, and the ease of the booking process. It's all about making sure your travel is as seamless and enjoyable as possible.

Each bus in their fleet undergoes regular, comprehensive inspections and maintenance. From the moment you reach out to us, we're listening to what you want and need, ensuring that every detail of your trip is personalized just for you. With Star Coach, you'll enjoy the luxury of first-class travel without the hefty price tag.

Imagine gliding along the Sea-to-Sky Highway, with its stunning vistas of the Pacific Ocean and towering mountains, all from the plush seats of your private coach. While customizing your luxury experience, it's crucial to emphasize that your safety and comfort always come first with Star Coach. You're riding in vehicles that aren't only stylish but also equipped with the latest safety technologies.

And let's not forget the climate control system, keeping the interior at a perfect, comfortable temperature regardless of what's happening outside. Moreover, opting for bus rental for your event not only adds a touch of class but also ensures everyone's safety, as you won't have to fret about guests driving after celebrating. Star Coach's move to include Luxury Prevost H3-45 coaches in their fleet isn't just about offering top-tier comfort and style; it's a nod towards sustainability. Group tour bus

Vancouver Deluxe Coach Service

Choosing Star Coach not only elevates your travel experience in Vancouver but also aligns with the global movement towards sustainability. You can choose from several secure payment options, all designed to give you peace of mind. They've got the experts. Each seat is equipped with personal charging stations, ensuring your devices stay powered up as you travel.

Their fleet of luxury buses ensures that your travel is as comfortable as it's memorable, with premium features that set the stage for an unparalleled experience. Prefer a scenic route?

Minibus rental

  1. Long-distance bus
  2. Bus packages
  3. Community bus service
  4. Field trip bus
  5. Bus transportation
  6. Sport team transportation
  7. Transport services
  8. Bus charter
  9. Bus provider
  10. Group transportation
  11. Wedding bus rental
  12. Metro Vancouver
  13. School bus rental
  14. Passenger bus rental
  15. Bus travel
  16. Downtown Vancouver
  17. Hourly bus rental
Entertainment options are plentiful, with individual screens offering a range of movies, shows, and music channels.

It's truly luxury on wheels. So, you can sit back, relax, and enjoy the luxury of a service that's as unique as you are. You're not just traveling in style; you're also contributing to a healthier planet.

Star Coach's approach to safety is proactive, not reactive.

Shuttle service

  • British Columbia
  • Event shuttles
  • Bus fleet
  • Vancouver area
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Coach hire
  • Travel coach
  • Tour transportation
  • Bus driver service
  • City tour bus
  • Bus for hire
  • Event transportation
  • Bus hire
  • Bus leasing
  • Executive bus charter
  • Transport charter
Moreover, we take pride in our ability to offer unique experiences that go beyond just transportation. Choosing Star Coach means you're part of a larger movement towards sustainable travel, without compromising on comfort or luxury.

Vancouver Deluxe Coach Service
Premium Charter Bus Vancouver
Premium Charter Bus Vancouver

Choosing Star Coach means you're not just selecting a mode of transportation; you're opting for a service that understands the importance of variety, quality, and reliability. They understand that each wedding is unique and that's why they offer customizable options to fit your specific needs and theme. Each bus in their fleet isn't just a means of transportation; it's a statement of elegance and sophistication. Whether you're dreaming of a classic, elegant arrival or a more modern, whimsical entrance, they've got you covered. Imagine gliding through the bustling city streets or the serene landscapes surrounding this urban oasis, all while enveloped in the lap of luxury.
Now, you're set to experience Vancouver in unparalleled comfort and style. A Star Coach representative will promptly get in touch to confirm your booking and discuss any additional requirements. You won't miss a beat of work or entertainment, thanks to the free Wi-Fi that keeps you connected to the world outside. With Star Coach's executive fleet, you're not just traveling; you're indulging in an experience that sets a new standard for bus rental in Vancouver.
Star Coach elevates your special day with bespoke wedding packages designed to complement their premier event transportation, ensuring your journey to the altar is as memorable as the ceremony itself. This feature is invaluable on long journeys when driver fatigue can set in. Star Coach's luxury bus rentals are the perfect solution for any event, ensuring your transportation needs are met with style and comfort.

Bus line

  1. Bus packages
  2. Community bus service
  3. Field trip bus
  4. Bus transportation
  5. Sport team transportation
  6. Transport services
  7. Bus charter
  8. Bus provider
  9. Group transportation
  10. Wedding bus rental
  11. Metro Vancouver
  12. School bus rental
  13. Passenger bus rental
  14. Bus travel
  15. Downtown Vancouver
  16. Hourly bus rental
  17. Greater Vancouver
  18. Corporate bus rental
Safe bus rental Read more about Luxury Group Transportation Vancouver here Star Coach redefines bus travel, turning what was once merely a mode of transportation into an indulgent escape.
You've got WiFi, plush seats, and ample space, turning travel time into an extension of the office where ideas can flow freely. You've likely seen your fair share of luxury transport options, but what sets Star Coach apart isn't just its fleet of state-of-the-art buses. Star Coach has got you covered. You'll find plush seating that ensures you're relaxed, whether you're on a short trip or a long haul across scenic routes.

Elite Tour Bus Vancouver

That's why they offer customizable packages to fit your specific event requirements. Star Coach doesn't just get you to your destination; they make the journey part of the event. This means you can plan your expenses accurately, without any surprises down the line. While we've shared how seriously we take your safety and comfort, it's our satisfied customers who truly bring our commitment to life. Star Coach makes this process straightforward and hassle-free.
After exploring the luxurious amenities and comfort our buses offer, it's clear they're perfectly suited for any event or occasion you have in mind. It's not just about getting from point A to B; it's about making a statement, ensuring your event starts and ends on a high note. Moreover, Star Coach insists on rigorous maintenance schedules for their buses, ensuring each vehicle operates at peak performance with no compromise on safety or comfort. Their fleet isn't just diverse; it's meticulously maintained and equipped with the latest amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's reliable.

Crew shuttle

  1. Private bus rental
  2. Custom bus rental
  3. Lower Mainland BC
  4. Charter vehicle
  5. Vancouver region
  6. Team travel
  7. Vancouver
  8. Tour bus rental
  9. Convention transport
  10. Charter shuttle service
  11. Festival shuttle
  12. Long-distance bus
  13. Bus packages
  14. Community bus service
  15. Field trip bus
  16. Bus transportation
  17. Sport team transportation

From the plush seating that whispers comfort to the entertainment features that keep the boredom at bay, there's a lot to discuss about how these buses are redefining travel norms. Our experienced drivers and staff are attentive to your needs, ready to adjust routes for scenic detours or to accommodate last-minute changes. Their drivers are more than just operators; they're ambassadors of the Star Coach experience. It's not just about getting from point A to B; it's about elevating the entire experience.
The seats, plush and ergonomically designed, invite you to sink in and unwind as the city's views glide by. Star Coach is committed to reducing its environmental footprint through various eco-friendly initiatives, ensuring your travels aren't only luxurious but also sustainable. It's a win-win: you enjoy top-notch service while supporting eco-conscious transportation. Once you've decided on Vancouver as your destination, head over to our online platform.

Explore Luxury Group Transportation Vancouver here
Elite Tour Bus Vancouver
An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

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The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

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Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
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  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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